What are the primary components of soil health?

The primary components of soil health encompass factors that significantly influence its ability to support plant growth, retain nutrients, and sustain biological activity. The correct choice highlights soil structure, organic matter, nutrient availability, and biological activity as fundamental aspects of soil health.

Soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles and the spaces between them, which affects aeration, water movement, and root penetration. A good soil structure promotes a healthy root system and optimizes moisture retention.

Organic matter is another crucial component, as it enhances soil fertility by improving nutrient retention and providing energy sources for soil organisms. It also plays a vital role in enhancing soil structure and moisture-holding capacity.

Nutrient availability is essential for the growth and development of plants. Healthy soils tend to have a balanced supply of essential nutrients that are readily accessible to plants, which contributes to their vitality and productivity.

Biological activity reflects the presence and performance of microorganisms and other soil organisms that contribute to processes such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and soil formation. High levels of biological activity indicate a thriving ecosystem within the soil, which is a key indicator of overall soil health.

In contrast, the other options discuss various physical and chemical attributes of soil, but they do not encapsulate the holistic view of soil