How do invasive species affect soil health?

Invasive species have a significant impact on soil health primarily by altering nutrient cycling and disrupting soil microbial communities. Many invasive plants and animals can change the composition of native ecosystems, which often leads to imbalances in nutrient availability. For example, an invasive species might dominate a habitat, outcompeting native plants that play critical roles in nutrient cycling. This change can result in a decline in overall soil quality, as native species are often better adapted to maintain the ecological balance.

Additionally, invasive species can influence the soil microbial communities that are essential for processes such as decomposition and nutrient uptake. When these communities are disrupted, it can lead to decreased soil fertility and increased vulnerability to erosion and degradation. In essence, the presence of invasive species can lead to a cascade of effects that negatively impact soil health, making it less conducive to supporting a diverse range of plants and animals.